Normal colon Immune environment

Colon is an organ where continuous T cell activation against foreign antigens
from ingested matters and lumen-residing microorganisms occurs. To prevent the excessive activation of T and other immune cells, colon generate a robust immunosuppressive microenvironment, hence achieving immune balance. Understanding this intricate balance between immune activation and suppression in the colon is essential, as its dysregulation can lead to
inflammatory bowel diseases or cancer.

A comprehensive understanding of the colonic immune system requiresexploring the distinct intra-colonic compartments: the lumen-facing epithelium and the underlying lamina propria. T cells residing in these compartments encounter different antigen and cytokine stimuli, leading to region-specific differentiation and potentially specialized roles in preserving colonic immune homeostasis. By elucidating this complexity of the colonic immune system, we seek to gain a deeper understanding of the colonic immune homeostasis and identify potential therapeutic targets for immune-related diseases.